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The Most Eco-Costly Countries in the EU
\nWhich EU Country Is the Most Environmentally Unfriendly?
\n\n\n\nEco-costs have been a trendy concept in environmental sciences. Being the opposite of eco-friendliness, eco-costs measure the environmental expenses of human activities, the human efforts of easing the environmental burden, and applications of technology to lower eco-costs.
\n\n\n\nThe European Union has committed to cut down CO2 emissions by at least 40% by 2030 while modernising the EU’s economy and delivering on jobs and growth for all European citizens. Eco-innovations and policies are carried out by EU member countries with a view to lower the human impact, improve people’s lives, and make Europe more competitive on the world market. This trend applies to key sectors such as Education. The most eco-friendly universities are showing how to adapt their overall practices to lead the change towards a more sustainable environment.
\n\n\n\nWhile the UK government has begun to cut down the financial subsidies for solar energy this year, concerns about achieving a greener future are on the rise, as the environmental costs have attracted public attention once again. With the determination of being less eco-costly, how far has each country come in achieving these objectives?
\n\n\n\nTo highlight which countries should be celebrated and which should improve, GreenMatch has put together a comprehensive study, comprising the following elements:
\n\n\n\n- Is Your Country Eco-Costly or Eco-Friendly?
- 3 Eco-Costly and 3 Eco-Friendly Countries in Europe
- UK Portrait: How Is the United Kingdom Doing?
- Methodology
- Dimensions Measuring Eco-Costliness
Is Your Country Eco-Costly or Eco-Friendly?
\n\n\n\nGreenMatch has carried out an in-depth analysis to evaluate the level of eco-costliness of each of the 28 EU member countries. This has been done through the investigation of six green metrics that are considered to play a key role in environmental protection, and thus are considered in the calculation of the final score.
\n\n\n\nThe eco-costliness of the various countries is presented in the interactive map below. By moving the cursor over each country, more detailed information is displayed.
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n3 Eco-Costly and 3 Eco-Friendly Countries in Europe
\n\n\n\nFor each metric, the most eco-costly country is awarded 1 point, while the most eco-friendly one is awarded 28 points. That is, the higher score indicates a better performance in that metric, and lower scores present higher eco-costliness. By calculating an average score of all metrics, each country is analysed from a holistic view.
\n\n\n\nDespite having a good ranking, some countries are failing in some metrics. To illustrate this, GreenMatch has created radar diagrams for the three most eco-costly and the three most eco-friendly countries in the EU to pinpoint some highlights of this analysis. A detailed breakdown of the situation in the United Kingdom is provided, as well.
\n\n\n\nThe 3 Most Eco-Costly Countries in the EU
\n\n\n\nCyprus
\n\n\n![\"Cyprus\"](\"https://cdn.greenmatch.co.uk/cdn-cgi/image/format=auto/2/2022/10/cyprus.png\")
The same applies to the dimension ‘Sustainable Recycling’: Cyprus has to find better ways of reducing, reusing, or recycling the massive amount of waste they produce, which amounts to an extraordinary 640 kg of waste per capita per year. This number is alarming considering that the Cypriot population in 2016 was just below a million. For instance, the government would need to reserve a larger budget to finance renewable energy solutions, as Cyprus gets a score of 2 for this dimension. This means it is second place in the ranking of this dimension, right after Croatia. With a score of 5.83, Cyprus turned out to be the most costly for our planet among the other EU countries. The East-Mediterranean island still has a long list of policies to implement to keep the country up to date with the more eco-friendly EU states.
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ireland
\n\n\n![\"Ireland\"](\"https://cdn.greenmatch.co.uk/cdn-cgi/image/format=auto/2/2022/10/ireland.png\")
However, the Irish government clearly put emphasis on tackling environmental issues, investing €510 million in energy support and maintaining a rate of 75.19% in terms of sustainable recycling of municipal waste. With forests covering only 10.95% of total land area and 9.5% energy being generated from renewable sources, Ireland is lagging behind on the way to becoming eco-friendly. The average personal carbon footprint of the country is 13.5 tonnes, which almost double the amount of its neighbour, the United Kingdom. Even though the fresh air and unspoilt nature have made Ireland famous around the world, the third largest island in Europe still ranked as the 2nd most eco-costly country in the EU.
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Malta
\n\n\n![\"Malta\"](\"https://cdn.greenmatch.co.uk/cdn-cgi/image/format=auto/2/2022/10/malta.png\")
In 2015, the Mediterranean archipelagos had 3.5 km2 of forest areas for its population of less than half a million, resulting in only 7.77 m2 of green area per capita. Maybe in part due to its reduced dimensions, organic agriculture hasn’t received enough attention as well. Coming in 3rd place among the most eco-costly EU countries is Malta, with an average score of 8.50 out of 28. With an area of only 316 km2, it is the smallest country in the European Union, yet, it managed to score the worst in the ranking in three out of six dimensions in our study.
In addition, Malta scored very poorly in terms of Sustainable Recycling: the country produces more waste than highly populated countries like France or the United Kingdom. Therefore, recycling this massive amount of trash undoubtedly becomes a burden to the waste management system.
\n\n\n\nOn the bright side, Malta needs to be recognised for the merit of being the leader when it comes to handling pollution: every citizen generates only 5 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions every year, while the European average amounts to 9.22 tonnes.
\n\n\n\nRead more: World’s Greenest Countries
\n\n\n\nThe 3 Most Eco-Friendly Countries in the EU
\n\n\n\nSweden
\n\n\n![\"Sweden\"](\"https://cdn.greenmatch.co.uk/cdn-cgi/image/format=auto/2/2022/10/sweden.png\")
The Nordic country has much to teach the rest of the EU members. As a matter of fact, more than 68% of the energy used in heating and cooling in Sweden comes from a renewable source, far above the European average of 26%.To many, it may not be too surprising to see Sweden listed as the most eco-friendly country in the EU. With top scores in each of the six categories analysed and an average score of 27.17 out of 28, Sweden is undoubtedly the greenest renewable energy hub in Europe.
Additionally, 99% of the municipal waste generated by its inhabitants is sustainably recycled. This impressive figure shows how the Swedish waste management system is the best of all the other European Union countries, especially when comparing the average rate for the rest of the EU countries, which is only 60.55%.
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Austria
\n\n\n![\"Austria\"](\"https://cdn.greenmatch.co.uk/cdn-cgi/image/format=auto/2/2022/10/austria.png\")
Famous for its breathtaking landscapes, Austria has done a wonderful job in living peacefully with the environment. While renewable energy takes up 33.5% of the national gross energy consumption, the Austrian government values and supports the development of clean energy.
\n\n\n\n
However, even though the forests cover up 46.88% of the total land, the average greenhouse gas emissions per person are still higher than the average level of EU, which may be the reason for losing the Most Eco-Friendly title to Sweden.
\n\n\n\n
Latvia
\n\n\n![\"Latvia\"](\"https://cdn.greenmatch.co.uk/cdn-cgi/image/format=auto/2/2022/10/latvia.png\")
In contrast, Latvia has to think about solving some of its shortcomings. For instance, the country only recycles 25% of its waste in a sustainable way. Sometimes, Latvian citizens actually have to travel relatively far away to encounter a waste disposal facility, as they are not many and are not well-distributed around the country as in other EU countries. Latvia ranks as the third most eco-friendly country in the EU, with an average score of 19.25 out of 28. The Baltic state has been given the bronze medal for the metrics Renewable Energy and Green Areas per capita, only outplayed by Sweden and Finland. This comes to no surprise since Latvia is mainly dominated by its sprawling forests that often alternate with fields and farms.
UK Portrait: How Is the United Kingdom Doing?
\n\n\n![\"United](\"https://cdn.greenmatch.co.uk/cdn-cgi/image/format=auto/2/2022/10/united_kingdom.png\")
The United Kingdom comes in at the 10th place out of 28 of the most eco-costly countries in the EU. This analysis has revealed that the country still has a long way to go to master an eco-friendly lifestyle.
\n\n\n\nEven though it has been reported that London now has more trees than people, the UK definitely needs more green areas than the 31,440 km2 measured in 2015 to share among the 65 million inhabitants. A good point of reference for this indicator is Spain, having 3,965 m2 of green areas per capita, which is more than eight times the figure of the United Kingdom.
\n\n\n\nAnother area that the UK needs to work on is the share of organic agriculture. The country implements organic agriculture to less than 3% of the total land space devoted to agriculture. With an EU average of 7.75%, the UK can do better.
\n\n\n\nOn a positive note, the UK secured the 7th place in the metric measuring renewable energy support per capita given by the government. As a matter of fact, the renewable energy budget has received support amounting to €13 billion in 2012. However, despite the large disbursement, the United Kingdom’s share of renewable energy only equals 9.3% of the total gross energy consumption.
\n\n\n\nTo conclude, the UK government has certainly opened the way towards a more eco-friendly future. Now, it’s a matter of setting the right objectives and implementing them to make these supportive investments worthwhile.
\n\n\n\nMethodology
\n\n\n\nTo find the most eco-costly countries, all the 28 member states of the EU were analysed based on six metrics, covering different influential aspects from government policies to sustainable technology development. These six metrics are:
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nRelevant data was collected from Eurostat, the statistics office of the EU, from CEER (Council of European Energy Regulators), and from other governmental documents found online. Due to the fact that not all the relevant data is updated annually, this study used reports published in 2016 mostly, while certain publications are from 2012 and 2015, as marked in the reported table below.
\n\n\n\nDimensions Measuring Eco-Costliness
\n\n\n\nThe categories under scrutiny have been the following:
\n\n\n\n1. Renewable Energy
\n\n\n\nThis metric represents the share of used energy that can be considered as renewable according to the Renewable Energy Directive, compared to the gross final energy consumption by each country’s end -consumers.
\n\n\n\nThe Directive specifies national renewable energy targets for each EU country, considering their starting point and potential for renewables. Every two years, all members of the European Union publish a progress report regarding the achievement of the proposed renewable objectives.
\n\n\n\n2. Green Areas
\n\n\n\nForests play an important role in fighting climate change. Policies like the Green Belt, Greenways, and Green Wedges have put great emphasis on planting more trees, purifying the air, and creating a shelter for wild animals.
\n\n\n\nA study made by the University College London indicates that urban greenery can improve a country’s capacity of breaking down CO2as effectively as tropical rainforests do. Taking London as an example, the trees planted in urban areas have outnumbered the citizens of the city. The estimated value of the benefits such as absorbing carbon dioxide, securing the soil and water, and providing shade and shelter, has reached £130 million a year.
\n\n\n\nThe green area per capita and the percentage of green areas out of the entire land area are the two decisive indicators in this metric. By calculating the average of these two metrics, this category makes it possible to compare EU countries in terms of green areas.
\n\n\n\n3. Government Support
\n\n\n\nWith the benefits of sustainable energy being widely recognised, preferential policies supporting energy development have taken effect and green energy has taken a growing portion of total government expenditure.
\n\n\n\nThus, the government can allocate more financial support to the green energy industry, lowering the price of high-tech equipment and increasing the market share of sustainable forms of energy.
\n\n\n\nTaking solar panels—which have the lion’s share in the renewable energy market—as an example, a report from BNEF indicated that with $160.8 billion of investment globally in 2017, solar panels were 25% cheaper per megawatt in 2017 than in 2016.
\n\n\n\nAs a consequence, the financial support in energy development provided by the government is closely connected with the country’s attitude towards environmental friendliness and its eco-costs. Divided by the size of the population, this metric measures the involvement of the government in renewable energy development based on how much investment was made per capita. The free allocation of greenhouse gas credits is not included.
\n\n\n![\"Wind](\"https://cdn.greenmatch.co.uk/cdn-cgi/image/format=auto/2/2022/10/wind_power.jpg\")
4. Pollution
\n\n\n\nThis metric represents the tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions artificially produced by the citizens of each country. This is considered the key indicator of the level of pollution since each gas’ global warming potential (GWP) has been integrated into a single indicator expressed in units of CO2 equivalents.
\n\n\n\nThe measures taken into consideration comprised the so-called Kyoto basket of greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O)—and the group of F-gases, which comprise hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
\n\n\n\nThe latest official data regarding this measure was from 2016, therefore our research took this dataset into account. The data has been considered accountable since every EU member state has to annually report its emissions to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
\n\n\n\n5. Waste Management
\n\n\n\nUrbanisation has made human activity in cities influence the environment more than ever. Municipal waste, even though this only takes up 10% of the total amount of reported waste, reflects consumption patterns, influences the environment, and shows a country’s political profile due to its complex and varied composition.
\n\n\n\nIn this section, sustainable waste treatment methods are analysed by summing up the following three ways of waste handling; the higher the percentage of the total municipal waste generation, the greener the country:
\n\n\n\n- Incineration (used for energy recovery): Incineration is one part of the Waste-to-Energy (WtE) process. Being a form of energy recovery, incineration can generate electricity and/or heat for residential use.
- Material recycling: Material recycling can lower the level of waste pollution and provide raw material for manufacturing new products. Material recycling covers a variety of waste, such as plastic, clothes, batteries, and electronics, to name a few.
- Composting and digestion: Both considered to be net energy producing processes, composting and digestion can generate fertilisers for plants mostly from food waste. Compared to untreated organic waste, composting and digestion are more sustainable and more eco-friendly ways of handling municipal waste.
6. Organic Agriculture
\n\n\n\nLast but not least, this metric measures the share of utilised agricultural area (UAA) that is cultivated organically with respect to the total amount of land used for agricultural purposes, country by country. The data takes into account the existing organically-farmed areas and the land in process of conversion to organic farming.
\n\n\n\nDataset
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
- GreenMatch
- 博客
- Eco-Costly欧盟国家
在欧盟最Eco-Costly的国家
欧盟国家是最环境不友好?
Eco-costs环境科学中一个流行的概念。首选的对立面,eco-costs衡量人类活动的环境费用,人类努力减轻环境负担,降低eco-costs的应用技术。
欧盟已经承诺减少公司2到2030年排放量减少至少40%而欧盟的经济现代化和实现所有欧洲公民的就业和经济增长。Eco-innovations和政策是由欧盟成员国,以降低人类的影响,改善人们的生活,使欧洲在国际市场上更具竞争力。这一趋势适用于关键的行业,比如教育。最环保的大学显示如何适应他们的整体实践领导变化向更可持续的环境。
尽管英国政府已经开始减少今年金融对太阳能的补贴,实现一个更绿色的未来的担忧正在上升,随着环境成本再次吸引了公众的注意。的决心不eco-costly,每个国家在实现这些目标?
强调哪些国家应该庆祝,哪些应该改善,GreenMatch建立一个全面研究,包括以下元素:
你的国家Eco-Costly或环保吗?
GreenMatch进行了深入分析评估eco-costliness水平每个28日的欧盟成员国。这是通过六个绿色指标的调查被认为是在环境保护起到关键作用,因此被认为是在计算最后得分。
不同国家的eco-costliness提出了下面的互动地图。通过移动光标在每个国家,显示更详细的信息。
3 Eco-Costly和3环保的欧洲国家
对于每个度量,最eco-costly国家获得1点,而最环保的一个是授予28分。也就是说,得分越高表明更好的性能度量,和低分数现在eco-costliness更高。通过计算平均分数为指标,分析了每个国家的整体视图。
尽管一个好的排名,一些国家是失败的在一些指标。为了说明这一点,为三个最eco-costly GreenMatch创造了雷达图和三个最环保的国家在欧盟精确一些突出的分析。详细的情况在英国,。
3大多数Eco-Costly国家在欧盟
塞浦路斯
这同样适用于维度的可持续循环利用:塞浦路斯必须找到更好的方法来减少,重用,或回收废物的大量生产,这相当于一个非凡的人均640公斤的垃圾每年。这个数字是惊人的考虑到塞浦路斯人口在2016年略低于一百万。例如,政府需要预定一个大的预算为可再生能源解决方案,随着塞浦路斯这个维度得分为2。这意味着它是排名第二位的维度,在克罗地亚。与一个得分为5.83分,塞浦路斯是最昂贵的我们的地球在其他欧盟国家。东地中海岛屿仍有一长串的政策来实现保持国家及时了解更多环保的欧盟成员国。
爱尔兰
然而,爱尔兰政府显然强调解决环境问题,投资€5.1亿年能源支持和保持率为75.19%的可持续的城市垃圾回收。总土地面积的森林覆盖率只有10.95%9.5%的能源来自可再生能源上落后,爱尔兰成为环保的方式。平均个人碳足迹的国家是13.5吨几乎两倍的邻国,英国。尽管新鲜的空气和未受破坏的自然爱尔兰著名的世界各地,欧洲第三大岛屿仍排名2最eco-costly国家在欧盟。
马耳他
2015年,地中海群岛有3.5公里2森林地区的人口不到一百万,导致只有7.772人均绿地面积。也许在一定程度上由于其降低维度,有机农业并没有引起足够的关注。进来排名第3位最eco-costly欧盟国家是马耳他,28日平均得分为8.50。面积只有316公里2,它是最小的在欧盟国家,然而,它设法得分了最差的排名在三的六维空间在我们的研究中。
此外,马耳他方面得分很低可持续循环利用:这个国家产生更多的浪费比高度密集的国家像法国或英国。因此,回收大量的垃圾废物管理系统无疑成为一个负担。
光明的一面,马耳他需要认可的优点被领导者在处理污染:每个公民产生只有5吨的温室气体排放每年,欧洲平均水平9.22吨。
阅读更多:世界上最环保的国家
3最环保的欧盟国家
瑞典
北欧国家有许多教其他的欧盟成员国。作为一个事实,超过68%在瑞典的能量用于加热和冷却来自可再生能源,远高于欧盟平均水平的26%。对许多人来说,它可能不是太令人惊讶的看到瑞典列为最环保的国家在欧盟。得分最高的六大类分析和一个28日平均得分为27.17瑞典在欧洲无疑是最环保的可再生能源中心。
此外,城市垃圾的99%由当地居民是可持续回收。这个图展示了令人印象深刻的瑞典废弃物管理系统是最好的所有其他欧盟国家,特别是当比较其他欧盟国家的平均水平,仅为60.55%。
奥地利
惊人的景观而闻名,奥地利做了很棒的工作与环境和平共处。而可再生能源占33.5%国民生产总值(gdp)能耗、奥地利政府重视和支持清洁能源的发展。
然而,尽管森林掩盖总数的46.88%的土地,人均温室气体排放量仍高于欧盟平均水平,这可能是最环保的原因失去所有权瑞典。
拉脱维亚
相比之下,拉脱维亚思考解决它的一些缺点。例如,这个国家唯一的废物回收率达25%以可持续的方式。有时,拉脱维亚公民有相对遥远的旅行遇到一个废物处理设施,因为它们不是很多,不均匀在全国其他欧盟国家。拉脱维亚是第三在欧盟最环保的国家,28日平均得分为19.25。这个波罗的海国家得到铜牌的人均指标可再生能源和绿色区域,只有击败了瑞典和芬兰。这是毫不奇怪因为拉脱维亚主要由其庞大的森林经常相间字段和农场。
英国肖像:英国是如何做的?
英国排在了第十位的28个最eco-costly的欧盟国家。这一分析显示,这个国家仍有很长的路要走掌握一种环保的生活方式。
尽管有报道称伦敦现在有更多的树比人无疑,英国需要更多的绿地比31440公里2以2015年6500万居民中分享。好这个指标的参考点是西班牙,有3965米2的人均绿地图的8倍以上的联合王国。
另一个领域,英国需要工作是有机农业的比重。这个国家实现有机农业不到总土地面积的3%致力于农业。欧盟平均水平的7.75%,英国可以做得更好。
积极的一面,英国获得了第七届在公制测量可再生能源人均由政府的支持。事实上,可再生能源预算获得支持达€130亿在2012年。然而,尽管大支出,英国可再生能源的份额只等于总总能源消耗的9.3%。
最后,英国政府无疑对一个更环保的未来开辟了道路。现在,重要的是制定正确的目标和实现他们这些支持的投资是值得的。
方法
找到最eco-costly国家,欧盟的所有28个成员国基于六个指标,分析了覆盖不同的影响力从政府政策方面可持续的技术开发。这六个指标是:
相关数据收集欧盟统计局欧盟统计局,ce(欧洲能源监管机构理事会)和来自其他政府文件发现在线。是因为不是所有的相关数据是每年更新一次,这个研究报告在2016年发表的主要使用,从2012年至2015年,尽管某些出版物如下报道表中的标记。
尺寸测量Eco-Costliness
审查下的类别如下:
1。可再生能源
这个指标代表的比例显示使用能源可以被认为是可再生的可再生能源的指令最终能源消费总值相比,每个国家的消费者。
该指令指定国家可再生能源目标对于每一个欧盟国家,考虑他们的起点和潜在的可再生能源。每两年,所有欧盟成员国发布进展报告关于拟议中的可再生的成就目标。
2。绿色区域
森林在应对气候变化起着重要的作用。政策的绿带,绿色廊道,绿色的楔形有重视种植更多的树木,净化空气,为野生动物创造一个避难所。
由伦敦大学学院的一项研究表明,城市绿化可以提高一个国家的分解能力有限公司2热带雨林一样有效做的。以伦敦为例,树木种植在城市地区比城市的公民。估计价值的好处,如吸收二氧化碳,保护水土资源,并提供遮荫和住所,已经达到了每年£1.3亿。
人均绿地面积和比例的绿色区域的整个土地面积是两个决定性的指标度量。通过计算这两个指标的平均值,这一类可以比较欧盟国家在绿色区域。
3所示。政府的支持
可持续能源的好处是得到广泛认可,优惠政策支持能源开发已经生效,绿色能源日益增长的政府支出总额的一部分。
因此,政府可以分配更多的金融支持绿色能源产业,降低高科技设备的价格和增加市场份额的可持续的能源形式。
采取www188bet.com——在可再生能源最大的份额趋于一个例子,一份报告BNEF表示,2017年投资1608亿美元在全球范围内,太阳能电池板是每兆瓦2017年比2016年低25%。www188bet.com188bet亚洲体育平台
因此,政府提供的金融支持能源发展紧密相连的国家对环境友好的态度及其eco-costs。除以人口的规模,这个指标措施政府的参与可再生能源开发基于人均投资是多少。温室气体的自由分配学分不包括。
4所示。污染
这个指标代表了吨的温室气体排放人为产生的每个国家的公民。这被认为是关键指标水平的污染因为每个气体的全球变暖潜能被集成到一个单一的指标表示在单位的公司吗2等价物。
考虑由所谓的措施京都篮子的温室气体碳排放二氧化碳(有限公司2),甲烷(CH4)、一氧化二氮(N2O)——集团F-gases包括氢氟碳化物,全氟化碳,三氟化氮(NF3)和六氟化硫(科幻小说6)。
最新的官方数据对这一措施并从2016年开始,因此我们的研究把这个数据集。数据已经被认为是负责任的由于每个欧盟成员国必须每年报告的排放联合国气候变化框架公约(UNFCCC)。
5。废物管理
城市化使城市人类活动影响环境比以往任何时候都更。城市垃圾,尽管这只占用报道浪费的总量的10%,反映了消费模式,影响环境,展示了一个国家的政治形象因其复杂和多样的成分。
在本节中,可持续的废物处理方法通过总结以下三个方面分析了废物处理;市政废物产生总量的比例越高,该国环保:
- 焚烧(用于能量回收):焚烧废物(WtE)过程的一部分。在能量回收的一种形式,焚烧发电和/或热住宅可以使用。
- 材料回收:物质回收可以降低污染和浪费的水平提供原材料制造新产品。材料回收涵盖了各种各样的垃圾,比如塑料、衣服、电池、电子产品,等等。
- 堆肥和消化:认为是净能量生产流程、堆肥和消化可以为植物生成肥料主要来自食物浪费。与未经处理的有机废物相比,堆肥和消化更可持续、更环保的方法处理城市垃圾。
6。有机农业
最后但并非最不重要,这个指标的措施利用农业面积(UAA)这是有机栽培对农业用地的总量的目的,国家的国家。考虑现有的数据organically-farmed地区和有机耕种的土地转换的过程。
数据集
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